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界： 植物界 Plantae

(未分级) 被子植物分支 angiosperms

(未分级) 单子叶植物分支 monocots

(未分级) 鸭跖草分支 commelinids

目： 禾本目 Poales

科： 禾本科 Poaceae

亚科： 芦竹亚科 Arundinoideae

族： 芦竹族 Arundineae

属： 芦苇属 Phragmites

种： 芦苇 P. australis

芦苇Phragmites

芦苇（学名：Phragmites australis）是生长于沼泽、河摊、海滩等湿地的一种植物，遍布于全世界温带和热带地区，芦苇属的植物大约有10种，有的分类学家认为只有芦苇是芦苇属的唯一种。

Phragmites australis, the common reed, is a large perennial grass found in wetlands throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world. It is sometimes regarded as the sole species of the genus Phragmites, though some botanists divide Phragmites australis into three or four species and in particular the South Asian Khagra Reed (P. karka) is often treated as distinct.[2]

形态

芦苇是多年生草本植物，地下有匍匐的根茎，可以在适合的地区迅速地铺展繁殖，一年可以平铺延伸5米以上，地上茎高达2-6米，丛生，叶长达20-50厘米，排列成两行，圆锥花序，花穗长10-40厘米，每个小穗有4-7朵小花，属风媒花。美洲亚种植株比较矮小。

Growth

Common reed commonly forms extensive stands (known as reed beds), which may be as much as a square kilometer or more in extent. Where conditions are suitable it can spread at 5 metres (16 ft) or more per year by horizontal runners, which put down roots at regular intervals. It can grow in damp ground, in standing water (up to a meter or so deep), or even as a floating mat. The erect stems grow to 2–6 metres (6 ft 7 in–19 ft 8 in) tall, with the tallest plants growing in areas with hot summers and fertile growing conditions.

The leaves are long for a grass, 20–50 centimetres (7.9–20 in) and 2–3 centimetres (0.79–1.2 in) broad. The flowers are produced in late summer in a dense, dark purple panicle, about 20–50 cm long. Later the numerous long, narrow, sharp pointed spikelets appear greyer due to the growth of long, silky hairs.

Common reed requires neutral or alkaline water conditions, and so it does not usually occur where the water is acidic.[citation needed] It tolerates brackish water, and so is often found at the upper edges of estuaries and on other wetlands (such as grazing marsh) which are occasionally inundated by the sea.

Common reed is suppressed where it is grazed regularly by livestock. Under these conditions it either grows as small shoots within the grassland sward, or it disappears altogether.

用途

芦苇是保护湿地环境和野生动物的重要物种，许多种鸟类栖息在芦苇丛中。

芦苇杆含有纤维素，可以用来造纸和人造纤维。中国从古代就用芦苇编制“苇席”铺炕、盖房或搭建临时建筑。古代各国都有用芦苇中空的茎制造的乐器——芦笛，芦苇茎内的薄膜做笛子的笛膜使用。芦苇穗可以作扫帚，花絮可以充填枕头。芦苇的根是一种中药——芦根，入药性寒，味甘，功能清胃火、除肺热，主治热病烦渴、胃热呕吐、肺痈等症。

Uses

Thatching

Main article: Thatching

Reed is used in many areas for thatching roofs. In the British Isles, common reed used for this purpose is known as Norfolk reed or water reed. However "wheat reed" and "Devon reed", also used for thatching, are not in fact reed, but long-stemmed wheat straw.

Water treatment

Main article: Constructed wetland

Reed is the main wetland species used for water treatment.

Waste water from bathrooms, lavatories and kitchens is routed to an underground septic tank-like compartment where the solid waste is allowed to settle out. The water then trickles through a constructed wetland or artificial reed bed (not to be confused with the natural reed bed habitat), where bacterial action on the surface of roots and leaf litter removes some of the nutrients. The water is then suitable for irrigation or discharge to watercourses.

Other uses

Some other uses for reeds in various cultures include baskets, mats, pen tips, and a crude form of paper.

In the Philippines, Phragmites is known by the local name "tambo". Reed stands flower in December, and the blooms are harvested and bundled into brooms called "walis". Hence the common name of household brooms is "walis tambo".

只找到这一个~英文与中文大意相同~但并不是逐句翻译……

用英语介绍一种植物

th grapes tree

i have a grape tree in my back yard garden.it is three years old and it is small. but it is beautiful. i can't climb it because it is too small and it is as tall as me . every spring it turns green and lits leaves come all out suddenly and look like it wear a green coat.beautiful!! i like it bery much

There is a plant that is used for almost every thing. It is used in construction, used for making yarn and fabric, jewelry, tools and other implements, pulp for paper, medicine, used as food and even use to make musical instruments. Not only this, it is the fastest growing woody plant on Earth. Yes, it is true. There is rather a kind of grass called Bamboo.

It has been clocked surging skyward as fast as 121 cm (47.6 inches) in a 24-hour period and can also reach maximal growth rate exceeding one meter (39 inches) per hour for short periods of time. Many prehistoric bamboos exceeded heights of 250 feet.

Bamboos play an important role in local economies throughout the world and are of major national and international commercial importance in the Asia-Pacific region. It is estimated that 2.5 billion people depend on or use bamboo materials valued at US$ 7 billion per annum.

There are more than 70 genera divided into about 1,000 species. They are found in diverse climates, from cold mountains to hot tropical regions. They occur across East Asia, from 50°N latitude in Sakhalin through to Northern Australia, and west to India and the Himalayas. They also occur in sub-Saharan Africa, and in the Americas from the Southeastern United States south to Argentina and Chile, reaching their southernmost point anywhere, at 47°S latitude.

This fast growing plant can help us in a lot of ways. Because of its high rate of growth it can form one of the biggest contributors of reducing greenhouse gases. It can grow at almost every kind of place makes it flexible enough for mass plantation. The pulp it gives is used for so many different purposes. It can be used as bio-fuel to produce electricity, for paper production. Especially in developing countries where it grows it can provide a source of income and employment. It has already shown its commercial importance so I think the governments should take a more proactive role in developing bamboo in places where other crops cannot be grown. So you see the two most important E’s environment and economy can get some help from bamboo.

With all these valuable traits the bamboo is rally a miracle plant.

有一种植物几乎能用来作任何事情。它可用在建筑、纱和织物、装饰品、工具和其他器具、纸、药物和食品,甚至用来作乐器。不仅如此,它还是地球上生长最快的木质植物。是的,这都是千真万确，它是一种草本植物，我们称它叫“竹子”。

它总是不停地向上猛长,速度快到在二十四小时内就能长到121厘米长,而且在某一短暂的期间里,最快生长极限每小时可达一米之长。许多史前的竹子,它的高度超过250尺，也就是说超过75米。

竹子在世界各国对本土的经济扮演着重要的角色,以及在亚太地区也起着国内与国际商业的重要作用。估计每年有二十五亿的人在从事或使用竹子方面的材料，其价值达到七十亿美元。

竹子有七十多的属类,大约细分成1000种类。它们适于生长在不同的气候里,从寒冷的山脉到炎热地区都有它们的身影。它们出没在从北纬50度到南纬47度的范围，纵惯东亚到北纬50度的库页岛到奥大利亚北部,向西到达印度和喜马拉雅山脉;它们也出现在非洲的南沙哈拉地带及以南地区;以及在美洲,从美国东南地区向南到阿根廷和智利,到达最南部的一处——南纬47度的地方。

这种快速生长的植物在许多方面对我们都很有好处。由于它们的高生长率,可以对降低温室气体方面作出巨大贡献。由于它们几乎可以生长在任何地方,因此有利于大批量的种植。竹浆可以用作许多不同的用途,用它作生物燃料发电,用它制作纸品。尤其是,在产竹的发展中国家,它可成为一种创收和就职的来源。由此它已经显示出了它们商业上的重要性,所以,我认为政府应该更积极主动地在其他作物无法种植的地方种植竹子。这样你就看到了两方面最重要的现象——环境和经济都可以从竹子中受益。

竹子有了以上这些宝贵的特征,它名副其实是一种神奇的植物。

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